Comments:VEWT 205 (Turk.-Mong.), АПиПЯЯ 287. The Turkic form may belong here if PT *jogan < *jojga-n. The Japanese form goes back to an intermediate variant *ǯi̯oč`u-k`a (with assimilative devoicing of *-ǯ-). Korean has a frequent verbal low tone.
Comments:Semantically a challenging etymology, with some mythological connotations; nevertheless phonetically impeccable and seems quite probable as a common Altaic root.
Comments:Whitman 1985, 129, 243 (Kor.-Jpn.). The root presents considerable difficulties, and the reconstruction is by no means certain. Phonetically: in PT one should expect rather *jūŕ; the Jpn.-Kor. tone does not correspond to PT length; Kor. *j- is quite exceptional (a better match for Kor. would be perhaps Mong. *je(r)-sün 'nine', *jeri-n 'ninety' (Ozawa 32-33 compares Mong. with Jpn., but initial *d- in Jpn. is an unsurmountable obstacle ); in Kor. cf. also jǝ̀rǝ́h 'a big quantity, number'). Criticism see in TMN 4, 222. Still the Manchu-Jpn. match seems plausible, and some irregularities could be explained by contaminations or tabooistic reasons.
Comments:KW 114, Лексика 557, Tekin 1981, 121-122. A Western isogloss. Despite Щербак 1997, 125, Mong. cannot easily be explained as a Turk. borrowing. Doerfer (TMN 1, 297) mentions Turk. *jular : Mong. *ǯiluɣa, but rejects without explanation.
Comments:EAS 65-66, KW 110, ТМС 1, 272, VEWT 200 (but the Kor. form čičči-da, despite SKE 37, hardly belongs here), АПиПЯЯ 285; hardly justified is Doerfer's criticism in TMN 4, 254-255. A Western isogloss. For the Turk. forms meaning 'snake' cf. alternatively TM *sulama / *salama 'snake' (ТМС 2, 57) - if the latter is not borrowed from Russ. dial. саломея 'a mythical snake'.
Comments:An interesting term, basically anatomical, denoting a hollow or angle in some body part (angle in the corner of the eye; angle / hollow under the neck; angle / hollow under the knee). A common derivative *ǯòp`è-k`V is reflected in Mong. *ǯob-ki and PTM *ǯup(u)-ku.
